Metaphysics Matrix Essay

Introduction

Metaphysics problems was , is and always will remain an inherent part of our universe. These problems are quite a number and they define characteristics, which make human life exist in this universe. 

What is METAPHYSICS?

To explain the  most true nature and vocation of metaphysics , it would make sense to initial state for what METAPHYSICS is not. Metaphysics is not occultism or magic. As per Jim Unah who puts it as a hidden double of existents. This can be also called as Professional Metaphysics is “Ontology also known as Metaphysical Generalis”.

Ontology is the study of being in itself. It is also the study of what belongs to things in general and not in aspect of reality. There are times where you have to try and explain reality even if it is in a particular aspect of reality this way we are practicing Metaphysics. Metaphysics generals in ontology but it are the real metaphysics where it refers to the regional ontologies.

Various Metaphysical Problems 

The problems of metaphysics seem as it is at least on the surface. Therefore it is clear the METAPHYSICS is a foundation of Philosophy. The most basic problems of metaphysics was discovered when one get deep into rational and more on critical thinking. The problems of metaphysicians work are very diverse.  Some of the most basic metaphysical problem are mentioned below: - 

1. Change and Permanence  - A philosopher is known for his theory, which is reality one and is fixed and permanent. A Philosopher upholds the idea that merely changes an illusion of the senses. Parmenides who was a great philosopher was being a monist that sees reality as one big whole. Even a small particular thing seem to change it is only one activity as a big whole. Even though some particular things seem to change and it is only one activity of the whole. “ HERACLITUS” who was also a philosopher disagreed and said that reality is always in a constant state of flux. By saying this he meant that things are not always fixed but they change. These varying positions are still very much in contrast from that time to this present time.

1. The problem of Universals - The problem of Universals is an ancient problem in metaphysics is about whether the universals exist. Universals are basically general and has qualities, characteristics,, being  male and female , solid/liquid/gas or a certain color that can predict any individual. For example, Patrick and Polun have one thing in common and that is the universal quality of being human. The major problem of universals is more about their status where universals exists independently of the individuals of whom they can be more predictive about very particular things that are radically more different. This has led philosophers to raise questions like if they exist? . The theory, which upholds that universals exist, is called as moderate realism. The theory, which upholds that universals exist in some separate domain, is called as exaggerated realism. The theory, which upholds that universals are just mere names, which exist only in people’s minds, is referred to as nominalism. 

1. Freewillism and Determinism - Determinism is the philosophical school of though that postulates the idea that man or woman is by nature fixed in his or her actions, thoughts, plans and moreover endeavors ever before it existed. Determinism holds that man is invariably affected by a lot of factors like environment, culture, orientation, and companionship. This way it is clear that man is more determined as he is a product of his environment. The determinists argue are based on the principle of cause and effect. It is said that every action has a cause and to be caused which means to be determined.  Where as Freewillism is the philosophical theory, which presupposes the idea, that man is by nature a free human being. It also upholds the maxim that man must be always responsible for every action, which is thought and dead that he undertakes in life. Freewill philosophers that man us by nature and a moral being put this argument forward and to be a moral being postulates being free. By saying that a man is more determined it is indirectly pointing that man is not a moral being. All the freewill philosophers hold that if it is true that man were not free then why do we praise, blame and punish people for actions they do? The very fact we do these things implies that man is a free bring.

1. The mind body program - The problem of mind body dualism is concerning with the most explanation of the relationship that exists between minds or mental processes as well as process. The main aim for any philosophers of mind set out to accomplish is to determine the nature of mental states and how the body affects minds.  For example our experiences of perception depends upon the stimuli from the external world, which are received by our sense organs. These stimuli causes he changes in our mental states and these makes us feel a sensation, which could be pleasant or unpleasant.  In order to these connections our responses would vary according to the sensations we feel as processed by the brain. There is the perennial question regarding to how is it made for a conscious experience to arise out of some matter, which possesses electrochemical properties. Dualism and monism are two major thought of that attempt to resolve the mind body program. Most modern philosophers of mind adopt either a reductive or non-reductive physicalist position, which maintains in their different ways that the mind is not something that separates from the body. 

Conclusion 

In order to conclude the perennially challenging problems of metaphysics are due to the fact that metaphysics is traditionally concerned with what exists and how things are related and also with questions about the natures of things of various sorts. This places metaphysics is in a position of being universally relevant as it cuts across all beings. Therefore it is no surprise that metaphysics is such a challenging problem. However getting solutions to them is  not only the priority of the philosopher but as an attempt to do so lead us to more problems later.

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