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Native Americans

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* Native Americans had no knowledge of light skinned Europeans or dark skinned Africans.

* About 40 million Native Americans lived in Mesoamerica.

* About 15 million lived in present day U.S. or Canada.

* Lifestyles consisted of either hunter gatherers, agriculture or under rule by warrior-kings and priests.

* Land bridge between Siberia and Alaska (During Ice Age).

* In 3000 BC Native Americans planted beans, squash, corn and etc.

* The agricultural surplus laid a foundation for permanent societies in Mexico, Peru and Mississippi River Valley.

* Mayas- Built large religious centers, urban communities with water irrigation systems.

* "City of Tikal" had religious and artistic traditions related to the Olmec Civilization from 7000 BC.

* Created calendar recording historical events and predicted eclipses.

* Developed Hieroglyphic writing.

* Maya civilization declined in 800 AD.

* Lasted until 1520s invasion.

* Aztecs- Took over Teotihvcan Empire and expanded it.

* Established a hierachal social order.

* Priests and warrior nobels ruled over Aztec land.

* Merchants creating trading routes and imported furs, gold and textiles.

* Incas- set up an empire along the western coast of South America.

* Indians of the North- Composed of small clans or groups of related families that had a common identity,

* Advanced farming technology of Mesoamerica spread into the Mississippi River Valley.

* created ceremonial and urban sites.

* Chaco Canyon became center of trade.

* Women adapted to horticulturists.

* Natchez (Mississippian Area) uprising against French invaders failed because the Europeans were too well positioned to overcome.

* In new societies, race became a prime factor to determine people's status and lives.

Traditional European Society-

* After the fall of the Roman Empire, a vicious epidemic, Black Death killed one third of its people.

* Areas of the world were expanding their seaborne trade.

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