Evolution of the English Football Business

Table of contents

1.        INTRODUCTION        3

2.        PROBLEMATIC        3

3.        METHODOLOGY        3

4.        THE CREATION OF THE FOOTBALL ASSOCIATION,  THE FOOTBALL LEAGUE AND THE CARLING CUP        4

5.        PROFESSIONALIZATION:        7

6.        EVOLUTION OF SPONSORSHIP AND THE TV REVOLUTION IN THE ENGLISH FOOTBALL CLUB        9

6.1.        Sponsorship        9

6.2.        Television        10

7.        THE PREMIER LEAGUE        12

7.1.        its creation        12

7.2.        causes of revenue        12

7.3.        Some problems about the premier league        14

8.        BOSMAN RULING        15

8.1.        introduction, what is the bosman ruling        15

8.2.        the main impacts of the ruling        16

8.3.        who benefits from the bosman ruling in england?        18

8.4.        who suffers from the bosman ruling in england?        18

8.5.        the transfer windows        19

9.        MANCHESTER UNITED        20

9.1.        from newton heath to manchester united        20

9.2.        short modern sporting history        20

9.3.        how money is generated ?        22

9.3.1.        money generated by the club        22

9.3.1.1.        what is their strategy to develop the company?        24

9.3.2.        Money generated by the owners and the way they deal with the strategic development of the club        26

9.4.        The implication of the Glazer takeover        27

9.5.        how is the money spent ?        29

10.        SHORT SYNTHESIS        30

11.        BIBLIOGRAPHY        32

1. ACKNOWLEDGMENT

We like to say thank you to Christopher Reeves our respondent for having accompanied us during our work of maturity. We would like also to thank our families who supported us during our searches.

1. INTRODUCTION

During our TM we will show the various aspects that the evolution of football in England had, between the middle of the 19th century until today, with an ethical point of view as well as a financial point of view. We explained how clubs succeeded to go to the top European level; what were the stakes, what were the consequences and what were the means used. We then used Manchester United as example to show the impacts that all these factors had.

1. PROBLEMATIC

How the professionalization had affected the English football?

Which were the consequences?

How the clubs had managed them?

1. METHODOLOGY

In our TM we wanted to explain the impact that had the professionalization of football in England. What were the different economic impacts? To do this we began by explaining the various associations, football organizations in England. Then we linked the various economic factors that have gained momentum during the evolution of football. Factors such as the television rights, sponsors, privatization of clubs and laws that have been erected because of the money put into games. We explained where those organisations had made their money and how the clubs might have some advantages. We had also explained how the clubs managed to win their money outside the football aspect.
The second part is based on a case study of Manchester United a very prestigious club in England. In this section we want to show by example that all these factors played an important role in the history of the clubs as well as for those holding power.

1. THE CREATION OF THE FOOTBALL ASSOCIATION,  THE FOOTBALL LEAGUE AND THE CARLING CUP

Football survived in the middle of the 19th century where it was played in upper class public schools and universities for fun. At this time, there were only the basic rules of the game. Then, because of the growth of its popularity in the next decade, football spread beyond the universities, clubs began to be formed and so did the main football rules. The first football club, Sheffield FC, was created in 1854 by the new merchant classes, like industrialists and merchants. The second club was Notts County, it was created in 1862 and it became a professional club in 1885. It’s the oldest professional club in England.

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