Integrated Acience

Title: heat transfer (convection currents)

Aim: to observe convection currents in a liquid

Materials: KMnO4(potassium permanganate), water

Apparatus: glass tube, heat source, beaker

Drawing:

Procedure:

¾ fill a beaker with water

Place a few drops of potassium permanganate in one end of a straw

Place the beaker with water on a heat source

Insert the end of the straw without the crystals into the beaker, while preventing the crystals from falling to that end

When the straw is at the bottom center of the beaker, allow the crystals to fall to the bottom of the beaker then remove the straw

Allow time for the temperature to rise in the beaker and note the movement of the colored liquid

Observation: (as the temperature of the water in the lower part of the beaker is increased, it will rise, meaning that the colored water will go up, if the hot water rises to the top then it must have been replaced with cooler water further away from the heat source initially.)

Discussion:

What is the transfer of heat? Specifically convection currents. Explain how the definition of convection currents relates to what was observed in the experiment. What is the importance of heat transfer? List examples of practical applications of heat transfer in the home and in industry.

Conclusion: relate findings to your aim!!!Title: heat transfer (convection currents)

Aim: to observe convection currents in a liquid

Materials: KMnO4(potassium permanganate), water

Apparatus: glass tube, heat source, beaker

Drawing:

Procedure:

¾ fill a beaker with water

Place a few drops of potassium permanganate in one end of a straw

Place the beaker with water on a heat source

Insert the end of the straw without the crystals into the beaker, while preventing the crystals from falling to that end

When the straw is at the bottom center of the beaker, allow the crystals to fall to the bottom of the beaker then remove the straw

Allow time for the temperature to rise in the beaker and note the movement of the colored liquid

Observation: (as the temperature of the water in the lower part of the beaker is increased, it will rise, meaning that the colored water will go up, if the hot water rises to the top then it must have been replaced with cooler water further away from the heat source initially.)

Discussion:

What is the transfer of heat? Specifically convection currents. Explain how the definition of convection currents relates to what was observed in the experiment. What is the importance of heat transfer? List examples of practical applications of heat transfer in the home and in industry.

Conclusion: relate findings to your aim!!!

Title: osmosis:

Aim: to investigate the action of osmosis in potato cells in various solutions

Materials: potato, distilled water, sugar solution, saline solution, tissue paper

Apparatus: measuring cylinder, balance, test tube, tests tube rack, potato cutter

Drawing:

Procedure: wash, clean and peal potatoes,

Using c cylinder cutter cut out even pieces of potato

Cut each of the cylinders to an equal length and measure their weight using a balance

Label test tubes according to solution present

Place a potato cylinder in a test tube of each solution and crate duplicates,

Leave it over night

Remove and spot dry potato cylinders and record final weight

Results:

Discussion: define osmosis, key differences between osmosis and active transport and diffusion, explain what happened in the experiment, include graphical representation of data ( bar graph showing percent change in mass). Why is osmosis important?

Conclusion: relate findings to aim!!

Title: soils

Aim: to investigate the water holding capacity of various types of soils

Materials: filter paper, water, sand, load, clay

Apparatus: funnel, measuring cylinder, conical flask

Drawing:

Procedure:

Discussion: describe the physical properties of the types of soil in question, explain how these properties relate the results obtained in the lab. State reasons why it is important to know the water holding capacity of various soils include applications in construction and agriculture

Conclusion: relate findings to aim!!

Title: rusting

Aim: to investigate the effects various factors have on the rate of rusting.

Materials: iron nails, water, oil, weak acid solution, drying agent, salt

Apparatus: test tube, test tube rack, heat source

Drawing:

iron nails are placed in five environments:

Tube 1: Just in air

Tube 2: A part of the nail is immerged in water

Tube 3: A part of the nail is immerged in salt water

Tube 4:The nail is completely immerged in boiling water and a layer of oil separates the water from the air

Tube 5: A dehydration product (Calcium chloride or Copper

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