Ba (hons) in Business Management.

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IMPACT OF JOB SECURITY, JOB EMBEDDEDNESS, AND EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT TOWARDS JOB PERFORMANCE AMONG EMPLOYEES IN KUALA LUMPUR.

A project submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of

Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation for the Degree of Bachelor of

BA (Hons) in Business Management.

February 2017

Supervise by

Dr.

Table of Contents

CHAPTER ONE        7

INTRODUCTION        7

1.1 Background of Study        7

1.2 Problem Identification        9

1.3 Research Objective        12

1.3.1 General Research Objective        12

1.3.2 Specific Research Objectives        12

1.4 Research Questions        13

1.5 Hypothesis        13

1.6 Significance of Study        14

1.6.1 Theoretical perspective        14

1.6.2 Management perspective        14

1.6.3 Academic perspective        14

1.7 Limitation of Study        14

1.8 Terminology of the Study        15

1.9 Deliverables        17

CHAPTER TWO        18

LITERATURE REVIEW        18

2.1 Job Performance        19

2.2 Job Security        21

2.3 Job Embeddedness        23

2.4 Employee Engagement        25

2.5 Relationship between Job Security and Job Performance        27

2.6 Relationship between Job Embeddedness and Job Performance        28

2.7 Relationship between Employee Engagement and Job Performance        29

2.8 Theory Building        30

2.8.1 Family Resource Management Model        30

2.8.2 Social Exchange Theory        31

2.8.3 Campbell Theory        32

CHAPTER THREE        33

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY        33

3.1 Research Design and Sampling Methodology        34

3.1.1 Research Design        34

3.1.2 Sampling Methodology        34

3.2 Research Philosophy        36

3.3 Research Approach        37

3.4 Research Strategy        37

3.5 Data        38

3.6 Time Series        39

3.7 Instrumentation        40

3.7.1 Job Security        40

3.7.2 Job Embeddedness        42

3.7.3 Employee Engagement        44

3.7.4 Job Performance        46

3.8 Research Questionnaire Layout        48

3.8.1 Section A        48

3.8.2 Section B to Section E        49

3.9 Data Analysis and Interpretation        50

3.10 Ethical Considerations        51

3.11 Research Framework        52

CHAPTER FOUR        53

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS        53

4.1 Respondents Characteristics        54

4.2 Skewness and Kurtosis        56

4.3 Descriptive Studies        57

4.3.1 Job Security        57

4.3.2 Job Embeddedness        59

4.3.3 Employee Engagement        63

4.3.4 Job Performance        66

4.4 Cronbach’s Alpha Reliability Test        68

4.5 Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficients Test        69

4.6 Multiple Regression Test        71

4.7 Regression Standardized Residual        73

4.8 Hypothesis Testing        76

CHAPTER FIVE        77

RESEARCH FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION        77

5.1 Summary of Findings        78

5.2 Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficients Findings        79

5.3 Multiple Regression Test Finding        80

5.4 Discussion        81

5.5 Conclusion        85

5.6 Limitations        87

5.7 Recommendations for Future Research        89

References        90

Appendix        99

Appendix A: Questionnaire Sample        99

Appendix B: Sample Questionnaire Collected        104

Appendix C: Project Log Sheet        105

Appendix D: Learning Contract Form        106

Table of Figures

Figure 1: Raosoft Sample Size Calculator………………………………………….. 35

Figure 2: Research Framework……………………………………………………... 52

Figure 3: Distribution of Summation of Job Security……………………………….58

Figure 4: Distribution of Summation of Job Embeddedness……………………..….62

Figure 5: Distribution of Summation of Employee Engagement…………………….65

Figure 6: Distribution of Summation of Job Performance……………………….….67

Figure 7: Histogram for Regression Standardized Residual ……………….……….73